Ocean Fertilization under the LC/LP
This page provides a brief overview of the steps taken by the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and London Protocol to address ocean fertilization since 1999.
International Maritime Organization Assessment Framework
An Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization developed by the Scientific Groups to the London Convention and London Protocol.
Geoengineering the oceans: an emerging frontier in international climate change governance
This article draws on discussions from the 2016 Marine Geoengineering Symposium to highlight prominent marine geoengineering proposals and raise questions about the readiness of the international law system to govern its research and implementation.
Assessing Scientific Legitimacy: The Case of Marine Geoengineering
This brief recommends that parties to the LC-LP adopt legally binding governance transparency mechanisms and create independent assessment panels to remedy gaps in marine geoengineering governance.
Global Experimentalist Governance, International Law and Climate Change Technologies
This article investigates the opportunities and barriers to developing global experimentalist governance approaches in the international climate change regime, focusing on the framework for marine geoengineering under the London Protocol.
Update on the London Protocol – Developments on Transboundary CCS and on Geoengineering
This paper reviews the regulatory developments relating to transboundary carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) activities and regulation of ocean fertilization arising from the work and agreements under the London Protocol from 2010 to 2013.
International Law in the Anthropocene: Responding to the Geoengineering Challenge
This article critically assesses the regulatory regime currently being developed by the parties to the 1996 Protocol to the London Convention with respect to scientific research on ocean iron fertilization.
Regulating Ocean Fertilization under International Law: The Risks
This paper explores the regulatory regime for ocean fertilization under the dumping regime, which comprises the 1972 London Convention and 1996 Protocol.