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International Law

A list of international declarations and resolutions addressing carbon dioxide removal.

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Convention on Biological Diversity - Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice 16/10

Technical and regulatory matters on geoengineering in relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

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Convention on Biological Diversity - Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice 16/INF/28

Impacts of climate-related geoengineering on biological diversity.

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Convention on Biological Diversity - Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice 16/INF/29

Regulatory framework for climate-related geoengineering relevant to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

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Convention on Biological Diversity - Technical Series Report No. 45

CBD Technical Series No. 45: Scientific Synthesis of the Impacts of Ocean Fertilization on Marine Biodiversity

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Convention on Biological Diversity COP 10 Decision X/29

Report of the Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

X/29. Marine and coastal biodiversity

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Convention on Biological Diversity COP 10 Decision X/33

Report of the Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

X/33. Biodiversity and climate change.

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Convention on Biological Diversity COP 11 Decision XI/20

Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Eleventh Meeting.

XI/20. Climate-related geoengineering.

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Convention on Biological Diversity COP 13 Technical Report

CBD Technical Series No. 84

Update on Climate Geoengineering in Relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity: Potential Impacts and Regulatory Framework (October 2016)

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Convention on Biological Diversity COP 13 XIII/14

Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

XIII/14. Climate-related geoengineering

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Convention on Biological Diversity COP 13 XIII/4

Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

XIII/4. Biodiversity and climate change

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Convention on Biological Diversity COP 9 Decision IX/16

Decision adopted by the conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Ninth Meeting (October 9th, 2008).

IX/16 Biodiversity and climate change

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Convention on Biological Diversity COP 9 Decision IX/20

Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Ninth Meeting (October 9th, 2008).

IX/20. Marine and coastal biodiversity

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Convention on Biological Diversity Liaison Group

Call for experts on climate-related geoengineering as it relates to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

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Convention on Biological Diversity Statement

Statement on behalf of the Executive Secretary to the Convention on Biological Diversity regarding ocean fertilization.

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European Parliament Resolution (2011)

European Parliament resolution on developing a common EU position ahead of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20).

90. Expresses its opposition to proposals for large scale geoengineering.

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European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading system of the Community (January 1st, 2008).

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European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of carbon dioxide (April 23rd, 2009)

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International Law Commission A/73/10

Text of the draft guidelines on the protection of the atmosphere, together with preamble, adopted by the Commission on first reading

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International Maritime Organization on Ocean Fertilization (2012)

The Contracting Parties to the London Convention and London Protocol statement of concern regarding the iron fertilization project in ocean waters west of Canada.

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London Convention 2013 Amendment

2013 Amendment to the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 to Regulate Marine Geoengineering.

Adopted on October 18th, 2013.

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London Convention Report of the Thirty-Fifth Consultative Meeting and the Eight Meeting of Contracting Parties

Regarding the proposal to amend the London Protocol to regulate placement of matter for ocean fertilization and other marine geoengineering activities.

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London Convention Resolution (2008) Regarding the Regulation of Ocean Fertilization

Adopted October 31st, 2008.

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London Convention Statement of Concern Regarding Ocean Iron Fertilization

Statement of concern regarding iron fertilization of the oceans to sequester carbon dioxide.

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London Convention and London Protocol

Resolution on the regulation of ocean fertilization (adopted October 31st, 2008)

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London Convention/London Protocol Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization (2010)

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London Convention/London Protocol Resolution on the Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization

Adopted on October 14th, 2010.

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Madrid Protocol Annex 1 Environmental Impact Assessment

Annex I to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.

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Ministerial Katowice Declaration on Forests for the Climate

The Ministers/the Head of Delegations attending the twenty-fourth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP24) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Katowice, Poland, in December 2018.

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New York Declaration on Forests

Non-binding political declaration from the United Nations Climate Summit 2014 to cut natural forest loss in half by 2020, and strive to end it by 2030.

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The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR)

Decision 2007/1 to prohibit the storage of carbon dioxide streams in the water column or on the sea-bed

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UNFCCC Decision 4/CP.23

Koronivia joint work on agriculture and soil carbon (November 17th, 2017).

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UNFCCC Decision 7/CMP.6

Carbon dioxide capture and storage in geological formations as clean development mechanism project activities.

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UNFCCC Report on CCS and the clean development mechanism

Report of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its seventh session (March 15th, 2012) in regards to modalities and procedures for carbon dioxide capture and storage in geological formations as clean development mechanism project activities

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United Nations Environment Assembly

Draft resolution for consideration at the 4th United Nations Environment Assembly regarding geoengineering and its governance.

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United Nations Environment Assembly

Resolution for consideration at the 4th UNEA on geoengineering and its governance.

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United Nations General Assembly

Draft text of an agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (May 17th, 2019).

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United Nations General Assembly (A/65/L.20)

Draft resolution ((A/65/L.20) on ocean fertilization (November 19th, 2010).

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United Nations General Assembly (A/RES/62/215) on ocean fertilization

Resolution adopted by the UNGA (62/215) on March 14th 2008 on ocean fertilization.

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United Nations General Assembly (A/RES/66/288) on ocean fertilization

Resolution adopted by the UNGA on ocean fertilization from the Future We Want Rio+20 Conference (September 11th, 2012).

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United Nations General Assembly (June 2015)

Resolution 69/292: Development of an internationally legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.

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United Nations General Assembly resolution 69/292

Report of the Preparatory Committee established by the United Nations General Assembly (Resolution 69/292): Development of an internationally legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.

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