United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Archives

An interaction between the ITLOS advisory opinion on climate change and the maritime legislations on carbon reduction

2026

Scholarly Work

Xingguo Cao, Tengyun Chu, Sihan Zhu

This paper aims to explore the interaction between the ICJ, ITLOS and IACtHR advisory opinions and maritime carbon emission reduction legislation

Geoengineering: the Relevance of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the BBNJ Agreement

2025

Scholarly Work

Kristina M. Gjerde, Stephanie Prufer

This article explores the relevant obligations for geoengineering activities with potential impacts on the marine environment and explores what ‘due diligence’ for environmental impact assessments and strategic environmental impact assessments entail

Maritime Boundaries in the Energy Transition: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Storage Across Maritime Jurisdictions

2025

Scholarly Work

Constantinos Yiallourides, Tina Soliman-Hunter

The paper discusses the role of CCS in the low-carbon energy transition, focusing speciﬁcally on international legal aspects related to the storage of CO 2 in sub-seabed geological formations of the continental shelf.

International Governance of Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: Recent Developments and Future Directions

2024

Scholarly Work

Romany M. Webb

This paper discusses recent efforts to regulate ocean CDR under three long-standing international agreements and discusses options for greater coherence in international governance.

Ocean-based negative emissions technologies: a governance framework review

2023

Scholarly Work

Lina Röschel, Barbara Neumann

This assessment presents gaps and challenges in the existing governance framework for ocean-based negative emissions technologies, as well as needs and opportunities for comprehensive governance of the technologies.

Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Artificial Upwelling and Downwelling: Legal Challenges and Opportunities

2022

Scholarly Work

Romany M. Webb, Korey Silverman-Roati, Michael B. Gerrard

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of how existing international and domestic (U.S.) law would apply to artificial upwelling and artificial downwelling projects.

Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Ocean Fertilization: Legal Challenges and Opportunities

2022

Scholarly Work

Korey Silverman-Roati, Romany M. Webb, Michael Gerrard

This paper explores the application of existing international and domestic (U.S.) law to ocean fertilization research and deployment.

Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement and Seaweed Cultivation

2021

Scholarly Work

Romany M. Webb, Korey Silverman-Roati, Michael B. Gerrard

This paper examines the international and U.S. legal frameworks that apply to ocean alkalinity enhancement and seaweed cultivation.

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