Summary/Abstract
This paper considers the relative likelihood that countries will achieve their voluntary national forest restoration commitments. Specifically, restoration commitments address REDD+, Aichi Target 15, and SDGs, which collectively aim to reduce biodiversity loss and reverse climate change and environmental degradation. The analysis indicates that many countries potentially face significant challenges to fulfilling their voluntary restoration commitments and that they may need assistance in implementing restoration synergistically to achieve multiple, lasting benefits.