CDR Law

2022
Scholarly Work
Kiane de Kleijne, Steef V. Hanssen, Lester van Dinteren, Mark A.J. Huijbregts, Rosalie van Zelm, Heleen de Coninck
International Policy/Guidance
Carbon Dioxide Removal
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage → Carbon Capture and Storage
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage → Utilization
Paris Agreement

Summary/Abstract

This paper investigates which CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) technologies—using atmospheric, biogenic, or fossil CO2— are Paris compatible, based on life cycle emissions and technological maturity criteria. It found that CCU with technology readiness levels (TRLs) of 6 or higher can be Paris compatible in 2030 for construction materials, enhanced oil recovery, horticulture industry, and some chemicals. For 2050, considering all TRLs, the paper shows that only products storing CO2 permanently or produced from only zero-emissions energy can be Paris compatible. The findings imply that research and policy should focus on accelerating development of CCU technologies that may achieve (close to) zero net emissions, avoiding lock-in by CCU technologies with limited net emission reductions.