Summary/Abstract
This paper compares state and federal regulations for the geological sequestration (GS) of carbon dioxide, focusing on elements where their differences highlight the choices that must be made to create a regulatory framework for GS in the United States. The paper identifies regulatory gaps that include issues related to ownership of subsurface pore space, greenhouse gas accounting, and long-term stewardship. It then outlines the trade-offs between the consistency and coordination that federal involvement could offer and the reality that states need to be heavily involved with implementation of GS regulations, concluding that federal involvement above and beyond the EPA Class VI rules is needed to create effective GS regulation in the United States.