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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Direct Air Capture

Direct air capture is the technique of scrubbing carbon dioxide directly from the sky through large mechanical facilities. The technique can be used to obtain carbon for making a byproduct or fuel. Direct air capture and storage (DACS) means storing that carbon dioxide in a long-term reservoir. The two main approaches involve either (1) liquids or surfaces that chemically interact with carbon dioxide, or (2) membranes that physically trap the carbon dioxide on solid surfaces.
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Canada Federal Offset Protocol

2025
Proposed Legislation
In January 2025, Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) released a preliminary draft of its Federal Offset Protocol (Protocol) for direct air carbon dioxide capture and geological storage (DACCS) projects.

Public Engagement and Carbon Dioxide Removal

2025
Scholarly Work
Albert Lin
This paper reviews policy-level public engagement to facilitate a just energy transition, determine suitable CDR pathways, and identify CDR locations and activities with public support.

Subsidies for Direct Air Capture: Lessons from the Solar Industry

2024
Scholarly Work
Ben Brokesh
This Comment focuses on how subsidies can affect the growth of climate technologies and set them up for long-term progress through subsidies in the solar industry.

Permitting CO2 Pipelines

2023
Scholarly Work
Martin Lockman
This paper assesses the legal framework for developing CO2 pipelines to support Direct Air Capture (DAC) Hub projects.

Expert Insights on Best Practices for Community Benefits Agreements

2023
Scholarly Work
Matthew Eisenson , Romany M. Webb
This report outlines 35 recommendations for developers and host communities when negotiating and drafting Community Benefits Agreements (CBAs) for direct air capture hubs and other clean energy projects.

Emergency deployment of direct air capture as a response to the climate crisis

2021
Scholarly Work
Ryan Hanna, Ahmed Abdulla, Yangyang Xu, David G. Victor
This paper models a wartime-like crash deployment of direct air capture (DAC) as a policy response to the climate crisis, calculating funding, net CO2 removal, and climate impacts.

Net Expectations: Assessing the role of carbon dioxide removal in companies’ climate plans

2021
Think Tank Report
Greenpeace UK
This briefing aims to help investors and others interpret and assess the feasibility of the role of CDR in companies’ climate plans.

The Legal Framework for Offshore Carbon Capture and Storage in Canada

2021
Scholarly Work
Romany M. Webb, Michael B. Gerrard
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of legal issues associated with deploying an offshore DAC system, powered by offshore wind turbines, in Canadian waters and storing the captured carbon dioxide in sub-seabed rock formations.

European Carbon Dioxide Removal Policy: Current Status and Future Opportunities

2021
Scholarly Work
Eve Tamme, Larissa Lee Beck
This paper highlights that policy must fill the accounting and the commercialization gaps for the near-term development of a comprehensive CDR policy framework.

H.R. 5205 – NET Zero Act of 2021

2021
Proposed Legislation
U.S. Congress
This bill would amend the 45Q tax credit by removing the deadline for DAC to geologic storage and enforcing a 10-year deadline for DAC to EOR.

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