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Carbon Dioxide Removal

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) techniques, or negative emission technologies (NETs), are a suite of natural and technological pathways to remove and sequester carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air. Unlike carbon capture and storage, these techniques remove CO₂ directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks.
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Declaration on Nordic Carbon Neutrality

2019
Declaration
The Nordic governments
A declaration by Finland, Iceland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark to catalyze the development of technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and to maintain or enhance natural carbon sinks.

Making Terrestrial Geoengineering Technologies Viable: An Opportunity for India-Canada Climate Leadership

2019
Think Tank Report
Chaitanya Giri
This report makes the case that India and Canada must work together on geoengineering governance in advancement of climate goals, while seeking to collaborate on new carbon-materials industries to harness the potential of terrestrial geoengineering.

Technological Carbon Removal in the United States

2018
Think Tank Report
James Mulligan, Gretchen Ellison, Kelly Levin, Colin McCormick
This paper explores the potential for technological carbon removal in the United States, identifies the needs likely to arise on the pathway to large-scale deployment, and considers way to begin addressing those needs.

Legal Pathways to Negative Emissions Technologies and Direct Air Capture of Greenhouse Gases

2018
Scholarly Work
Tracy Hester
This Article assesses the legal and policy challenges of decarbonizing the atmosphere itself through negative emission technologies and, in particular, direct air capture.

Ocean Solutions to Address Climate Change and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems

2018
Scholarly Work
A.K. Magnan, R. Billé, L. Bopp, V.I. Chalastani, W.W.L. Cheung, C.M. Duarte, R.D. Gates, J. Hinkel, J.-O. Irisson, E. Mcleod, F. Micheli, J.J. Middelburg, A. Oschlies, H.-O. Pörtner, G.H. Rau, P. Williamson, J.-P. Gattuso
This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic assessment of 13 ocean-based climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, including ocean fertilization, alkalization, and hybrid land/ocean methods such as marine BECCS and biochar.

“Negative Emissions”: A Challenge for Climate Policy

2016
Scholarly Work
Oliver Geden, Stefan Schäfer
This paper argues that it would be wise for the EU and Germany to proactively shape the debate around negative emissions technologies and increase funding for research and development into NETs.

The International Legal Framework for Climate Engineering

2015
Scholarly Work
Jesse Reynolds
This paper describes international law which is applicable to climate engineering, with a focus on international environmental law, and provides recommendations for future developments.

Geoengineering: A national strategic plan for research on the potential effectiveness, feasibility, and consequences of climate remediation technologies

2011
Think Tank Report
The Bipartisan Policy Center
This report presents the conclusions of the Task Force on Climate Remediation Research, which was convened by the Bipartisan Policy Center in 2010 to develop recommendations for the U.S. government on geoengineering research and oversight policy.

Sweden’s Carbon Removal Strategy: The pathway to a climate- positive future – strategy and action plan for achieving negative greenhouse gas emissions after 2045

2020
Policy Proposal
This strategy sets out principles and targets for Swedish policy in the area of negative emissions measures and an action plan for achieving them.

CarbonShot: Federal Policy Options for Carbon Removal in the United States

2020
Think Tank Report
World Resources Institute
The purpose of this working paper is to provide a consolidated set of high-priority, near-term federal policy options to advance carbon removal capabilities and deployment in the United States.

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