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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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H.R.5435 – American Public Lands and Waters Climate Solution Act of 2019

2019
Proposed Legislation
This bill requires the National Academies of Sciences to conduct a study into how U.S. government can meet the net emission reduction targets in the bill by increasing CCUS on public lands and nature-based solutions on ocean and coastal public lands.

Legal Pathways to Negative Emissions Technologies and Direct Air Capture of Greenhouse Gases

2018
Scholarly Work
Tracy Hester
This Article assesses the legal and policy challenges of decarbonizing the atmosphere itself through negative emission technologies and, in particular, direct air capture.

Ocean Solutions to Address Climate Change and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems

2018
Scholarly Work
A.K. Magnan, R. Billé, L. Bopp, V.I. Chalastani, W.W.L. Cheung, C.M. Duarte, R.D. Gates, J. Hinkel, J.-O. Irisson, E. Mcleod, F. Micheli, J.J. Middelburg, A. Oschlies, H.-O. Pörtner, G.H. Rau, P. Williamson, J.-P. Gattuso
This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic assessment of 13 ocean-based climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, including ocean fertilization, alkalization, and hybrid land/ocean methods such as marine BECCS and biochar.

“Negative Emissions”: A Challenge for Climate Policy

2016
Scholarly Work
Oliver Geden, Stefan Schäfer
This paper argues that it would be wise for the EU and Germany to proactively shape the debate around negative emissions technologies and increase funding for research and development into NETs.

The International Legal Framework for Climate Engineering

2015
Scholarly Work
Jesse Reynolds
This paper describes international law which is applicable to climate engineering, with a focus on international environmental law, and provides recommendations for future developments.

Geoengineering: A national strategic plan for research on the potential effectiveness, feasibility, and consequences of climate remediation technologies

2011
Think Tank Report
The Bipartisan Policy Center
This report presents the conclusions of the Task Force on Climate Remediation Research, which was convened by the Bipartisan Policy Center in 2010 to develop recommendations for the U.S. government on geoengineering research and oversight policy.

Fuel to the Fire: How Geoengineering Threatens to Entrench Fossil Fuels and Accelerate the Climate Crisis

2019
Think Tank Report
Center for International Environmental Law
This report investigates the early, ongoing, and often surprising role of the fossil fuel industry in developing, patenting, and promoting key geoengineering technologies.

Technological Carbon Removal: Recent Economic and Political Trends in the United States

2019
Think Tank Report
Climate Advisers
This report assesses the current state of affairs surrounding technological CDR in the United States and provides concrete policy recommendations for action at the Federal level.

Negative Emission Technologies: What Role in Meeting Paris Agreement Targets?

2018
Think Tank Report
European Academies Science Advisory Council
This report brings together experts from the European Academies Science Advisory Council to review the available technologies for carbon dioxide removal and how they frame the EU's position within the Paris Agreement.

Exploring Negative Territory Carbon Dioxide Removal and Climate Policy Initiatives

2013
Scholarly Work
James Meadowcroft
This article explores the place for carbon dioxide removal in long term climate policy and considers nearer term policy issues.

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