• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to footer

CDR Law

  • Search
  • Other Resources
    • Books
    • International Law
  • About
  • Contact

Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
Filter by Resource Type:
Filter by Publication Year:
Sort:
Current Filters:

Ocean Iron Fertilization and International Law

2008
Scholarly Work
David Freestone , Rosemary Rayfuse
This article examines the application of the International Law of the Sea to ocean fertilization, with particular reference to the law’s dumping regime, which prohibits the dumping of wastes or other materials from vessels into the ocean.

UN Convention on Biological Diversity Decision IX/16

2008
International Legal Instrument
Convention on Biological Diversity
Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its ninth meeting.

Resolution LC-LP.1 (2008) On the Regulation of Ocean Fertilization

2008
International Legal Instrument
Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the London Protocol
A resolution from the thirtieth meeting of the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the third meeting of the Contracting Parties to the London Protocol that addresses ocean fertilization activities.

Dumping Iron and Trading Carbon

2008
Think Tank Report
Hugh Powell
This article provides insight from lawyers and economists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2007 conference on the topic of ocean iron fertilization and regulated carbon markets.

Convention on Biological Diversity COP 9 Decision IX/16

2008
International Legal Instrument
Convention on Biological Diversity
Decision adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity at its ninth meeting requesting that Governments, in accordance with the precautionary approach, ensure that ocean fertilization activities do not take place until there is further research.

Convention on Biological Diversity COP 9 Decision IX/20

2008
International Legal Instrument
Convention on Biological Diversity
Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its ninth meeting to seek, in consultation with the IMO, the views of Parties, other Governments, and indigenous peoples on ocean iron fertilization.

A/RES/62/215 Resolution on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

2008
International Legal Instrument
United Nations General Assembly
Resolution that encourages States to support the further study and enhance understanding of ocean iron fertilization.

Dumping Iron and Trading Carbon

2008
News/Commentary
Hugh Powell
This article provides insight from a conference convened at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on the role of carbon markets in ocean iron fertilization activities.

LC-LP.1/Circ.14: Statement of Concern Regarding Iron Fertilization of the Oceans to Sequester CO2

2007
International Legal Instrument
International Maritime Organization
Statement of concern from the Scientific Groups to the London Convention and London Protocol regarding iron fertilization of the oceans to sequester CO2.

Iron Fertilization in the Ocean for Climate Mitigation: Legal, Economic, and Environmental Challenges

2007
Scholarly Work
Raphael Sagarin, Megan Dawson, David Karl, Anthony Michael, Brian Murray, Michael Orbach, Nicole St. Clair
This paper is aimed to provide lawmakers, non-government organizations, the public and business interests with a brief overview of iron fertilization and its potential benefits and risks.

Footer

This website provides educational information. It does not, nor is it intended to, provide legal advice. No attorney-client relationship is established by use of this site. Consult with an attorney for any needed legal advice. There is no warranty of accuracy, adequacy or comprehensiveness. Those who use information from this website do so at their own risk.

© 2026 Sabin Center for Climate Change Law
Made with by Satellite Jones