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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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International Maritime Organization Assessment Framework

2019
International Legal Instrument
International Maritime Organization
An Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization developed by the Scientific Groups to the London Convention and London Protocol.

Governance of Marine Geoengineering

2019
Think Tank Report
Kerryn Brent, Wil Burns, Jeffrey McGee
This report surveys the different types of marine geoengineering proposals that have appeared in the scientific literature and the few that have been the subject of field testing and analyzes the various rules of applicable international law.

Fuel to the Fire: How Geoengineering Threatens to Entrench Fossil Fuels and Accelerate the Climate Crisis

2019
Think Tank Report
Center for International Environmental Law
This report investigates the early, ongoing, and often surprising role of the fossil fuel industry in developing, patenting, and promoting key geoengineering technologies.

Policy Brief: Governing Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Removal

2019
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Governance Initiative (C2G)
This policy brief addresses the readiness of various carbon dioxide removal (CDR) techniques and the governance challenges in their deployment.

Evidence Brief: Governing Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Modification

2019
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Governance Initiative (C2G)
This briefing summarizes the latest evidence around Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) including applicable governance frameworks and other socio-political considerations.

Policy Brief: Governing Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal

2019
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Governance Initiative (C2G)
This policy brief identifies the governance challenges around marine carbon dioxide removal.

H.R.5435 – American Public Lands and Waters Climate Solution Act of 2019

2019
Proposed Legislation
This bill requires the National Academies of Sciences to conduct a study into how U.S. government can meet the net emission reduction targets in the bill by increasing CCUS on public lands and nature-based solutions on ocean and coastal public lands.

Southern Ocean Iron Fertilization: An Argument Against Commercialization but for Continued Research Amidst Lingering Uncertainty

2019
Scholarly Work
Tyler Rohr
This paper argues against attempting to commercialize ocean iron fertilization under any emerging market framework.

Indigeneity in Geoengineering Discourses: Some Considerations

2019
Scholarly Work
Kyle Powys Whyte
This paper focuses on the role of indigenous peoples in the geoengineering discourse and frames the challenges with identifying indigenous consent to geoengineering activities.

Technological Carbon Removal: Recent Economic and Political Trends in the United States

2019
Think Tank Report
Climate Advisers
This report assesses the current state of affairs surrounding technological CDR in the United States and provides concrete policy recommendations for action at the Federal level.

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