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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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End the Deadlock on Governance of Geoengineering Research

2013
Scholarly Work
Edward A. Parson, David W. Keith
This article addresses the question of whether scientific self-regulation can control small-scale research, or if governmental regulation is needed?

Report of the 35th Consultative Meeting of the London Convention and the Eight Meeting of the London Protocol

2013
International Legal Instrument
Prepared by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)
This report is regarding the proposal to amend the London Protocol to regulate placement of matter for ocean fertilization and other marine geoengineering activities.

Implications of Current Developments in International Liability for the Practice of Marine Geo-engineering Activities

2013
Scholarly Work
Jung-Eun KIM
This paper aims to identify the preventative effect of an international liability regime, in particular, state liability, on ocean iron fertilization activities.

The Contracting Parties to the London Convention and London Protocol Statement of Concern

2012
International Legal Instrument
Contracting Parties to the London Convention and London Protocol
This is a statement of concern from the Contracting Parties to the London Convention/Protocol regarding the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation iron fertilization project in ocean waters west of Canada.

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO

2012
Declaration
Statement of concern by the the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission regarding ocean fertilization on October 19th, 2012.

A/RES/66/288 – Resolution from the Future We Want Rio+20 Conference

2012
International Legal Instrument
United Nations General Assembly
Resolution adopted at the Future We Want Rio+20 Conference that stresses concern about the potential environmental impacts of ocean fertilization and urges a precautionary approach to ocean fertilization activities.

Legal? Perhaps. But Controversial Fertilization Experiment May Produce Little Science

2012
News/Commentary
Robert F. Service
News article looking at the legality of the Haida Salmon Restoration Corp's ocean iron fertilization experiment.

The Who, What, and Wherefore of Geoengineering Governance

2012
Scholarly Work
Daniel Bodansky
This article analyzes the possible functions, forms, objects and agents of geoengineering governance and explores four scenarios of particular concern: inadequate research funding, premature rejection, unilateral individual and state action.

Geoengineering the Climate: Technological Solutions to Mitigation – Failure or Continuing Carbon Addiction?

2011
Scholarly Work
Catherine Redgwell
This article considers the complex and controversial issue of climate geoengineering, examining the international legal framework for regulating large-scale interventions in the Earth’s climate system, using ocean iron fertilization as an example.

Regulating Climate Engineering: Paradigmatic Aspects of the Regulation of Ocean Fertilization

2011
Scholarly Work
Till Markus, Harald Ginzky
This article will assess to what extent legal concepts discussed, developed and adopted in the regulatory process under the London Convention and Protocol can provide useful ideas and concepts for the future regulation of other climate engineering.

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