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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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A/RES/65/37 Resolution on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

2010
International Legal Instrument
United Nations General Assembly
Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2010 with reference to the regulation of ocean fertilization activities.

Scientific Synthesis of the Impacts of Ocean Fertilization on Marine Biodiversity

2009
Scientific Report
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
This report presents a review and synthesis of existing literature and other scientific information on the potential impacts of ocean fertilization on marine biodiversity, pursuant to CBD COP 9 decision IX/20, paragraph 3.

Ocean Iron Fertilization: Why Further Research is Needed

2009
Scholarly Work
Kerstin Güssow, Andreas Oschlies, Alexander Proelss, Katrin Rehdanz, Wilfried Rickels
This article examines the economic potential of ocean iron fertilization in the context of a post-Kyoto Protocol climate agreement and what public international law says, and should say, on the issue of ocean iron fertilization.

Iron Fertilization: A Scientific Review with International Policy Recommendations

2009
Scholarly Work
Jennie Dean
This paper examines the effectiveness and appropriateness of iron fertilization in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

Legal Posture of Ocean Iron Fertilization Under International Law

2009
Scholarly Work
K. Russell LaMotte
This is an article from the International Environmental Law Committee newsletter that provides an overview of the legal posture of ocean iron fertilization (OIF) activities under international environmental law.

Convention on Biological Diversity COP 9 Decision IX/20

2008
International Legal Instrument
Convention on Biological Diversity
Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its ninth meeting to seek, in consultation with the IMO, the views of Parties, other Governments, and indigenous peoples on ocean iron fertilization.

Convention on Biological Diversity COP 9 Decision IX/16

2008
International Legal Instrument
Convention on Biological Diversity
Decision adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity at its ninth meeting requesting that Governments, in accordance with the precautionary approach, ensure that ocean fertilization activities do not take place until there is further research.

Ocean Iron Fertilization and International Law

2008
Scholarly Work
David Freestone , Rosemary Rayfuse
This article examines the application of the International Law of the Sea to ocean fertilization, with particular reference to the law’s dumping regime, which prohibits the dumping of wastes or other materials from vessels into the ocean.

Resolution LC-LP.1 (2008) On the Regulation of Ocean Fertilization

2008
International Legal Instrument
Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the London Protocol
A resolution from the thirtieth meeting of the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the third meeting of the Contracting Parties to the London Protocol that addresses ocean fertilization activities.

UN Convention on Biological Diversity Decision IX/16

2008
International Legal Instrument
Convention on Biological Diversity
Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its ninth meeting.

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