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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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Ocean Iron Fertilization and Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Food: Leveraging International and Domestic Law Protections to Enhance Access to Salmon in the Pacific Northwest

2016
Scholarly Work
Randall S. Abate
This article addresses whether indigenous communities like the Haida in the U.S. Pacific Northwest region could assert a legal right to employ OIF as a strategy to help restore a cultural food source that has been depleted due to climate change.

Barometer Rising: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety as a Model for Holistic International Regulation of Ocean Fertilization Projects and Other Forms of Geoengineering

2016
Scholarly Work
Matthew Hubbard
This note argues that there is a strong comparison between biotechnology and geoengineering, and that the current regulatory framework for biosafety can serve as a model for similar regulation of ocean fertilization.

The Missing Pieces of Geoengineering Research Governance

2016
Scholarly Work
Albert C. Lin
This Article develops mechanisms to address the systemic concerns, including technological lock-in, moral hazard, and global conflict, and the physical risks of geoengineering research.

The Paris Agreement and Climate Geoengineering Governance: The Need for a Human Rights-Based Component

2016
Scholarly Work
Wil Burns
This paper suggests that a human rights-based approach to climate geoengineering may address the intrinsic issues of equity and justice that would necessarily arise should the world community opt to proceed down the path of climate engineering.

Update on Climate Geoengineering in Relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity: Potential Impacts and Regulatory Framework

2016
Scientific Report
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
This report provides an update, including regulatory developments, to the CBD's 2012 Technical Series No. 66: Geoengineering in Relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity report on the potential impacts of geoengineering.

Research priorities for negative emissions

2016
Scholarly Work
S Fuss, C D Jones, F Kraxner, G P Peters, P Smith, M Tavoni, D P van Vuuren, J G Canadell, R B Jackson, R B Jackson, J R Moreira, N Nakicenovic, A Sharifi, Y Yamagata
This paper identifies some urgent research needs around NETs, including in governance and policy, to provide a more complete picture for reaching ambitious climate targets and the role that NETs can play in reaching them.

“Negative Emissions”: A Challenge for Climate Policy

2016
Scholarly Work
Oliver Geden, Stefan Schäfer
This paper argues that it would be wise for the EU and Germany to proactively shape the debate around negative emissions technologies and increase funding for research and development into NETs.

It’s Getting Hot in Here: A Look into Whether Ocean Iron Fertilization is Legally Viable in the United States

2015
Scholarly Work
James Richards
This article analyzes the legal status of ocean iron fertilization under United States laws and international laws, in the context of the Planktos experiment, in order to shed light on whether this strategy could be legally viable.

Deployment of Geoengineering by the Private and Public Sector: Can the Risks of Geoengineering Ever Be Effectively Regulated?

2015
Scholarly Work
Daniela E. Lai
This article focuses on ocean fertilization and its transboundary impacts.

The International Legal Framework for Climate Engineering

2015
Scholarly Work
Jesse Reynolds
This paper describes international law which is applicable to climate engineering, with a focus on international environmental law, and provides recommendations for future developments.

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