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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Biochar

Biochar is a substance created when organic material like agricultural waste is burned in the absence of oxygen. That process, called pyrolysis, creates a carbon-rich product that is stable or biologically recalcitrant. By transforming biomass into biochar, the carbon in the plant material is locked up instead of being released into the atmosphere when the biomass is burned or biodegraded in soil. Biochar is added to soil to sequester carbon dioxide in the soil.
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Carbon Removal and Solar Geoengineering: Potential implications for delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals

2018
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Initiative (C2G2)
This report explores the potential implications which two groups of experimental technologies aimed at managing global climate risk, known as Carbon Removal and Solar Geoengineering, could have for delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Greenhouse Gas Removal

2018
Scientific Report
Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering
This report presents the findings from an exploration of the opportunities and barriers for greenhouse gas removal methods in both a UK and global context.

Negative Emissions and Land-Based Carbon Sequestration: Implications for Climate and Energy Scenarios

2018
Think Tank Report
Rocky Mountain Institute
The paper focuses on how natural climate solutions could contribute to emissions reduction goals in the United States and seeks to provide policymakers with a useful overview of how negative emissions can be incorporated into national climate policy.

Building a New Carbon Economy: An Innovation Plan

2018
Think Tank Report
Carbon180
This report presents an innovation plan that outlines the contours of a new carbon economy using carbon removal technologies and identifies the social, legal, economic and political research gaps of each technology.

Evaluating climate geoengineering proposals in the context of the Paris Agreement temperature goals

2018
Scholarly Work
Mark G. Lawrence, Stefan Schäfer, Helene Muri, Vivian Scott, Andreas Oschlies, Naomi E. Vaughan, Olivier Boucher, Hauke Schmidt, Jim Haywood, Jürgen Scheffran
This paper assesses the degree to which proposed climate geoengineering techniques could contribute significantly to achieving the Paris Agreement temperature goals and the main open socio-political and governance issues and research needs.

Knowledge gaps on climate-related geoengineering in relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

2018
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Initiative (C2G2)
This technical briefing presents an assessment of knowledge gaps around ethics, governance, deployment and research related to geoengineering, including carbon removal technologies, and the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Negative emissions—Part 1: Research landscape and synthesis

2018
Scholarly Work
Jan C Minx, William F Lamb, Max W Callaghan, Sabine Fuss, Jérôme Hilaire, Felix Creutzig, Thorben Amann, Tim Beringer, Wagner de Oliveira Garcia, Jens Hartmann, Tarun Khanna, Dominic Lenzi, Gunnar Luderer, Gregory F Nemet, Joeri Rogelj, Pete Smith, Jose Luis Vicente Vicente, Jennifer Wilcox, Maria del Mar Zamora Dominguez
This paper, part 1 of a 3 part series on NETs, clarifies the role of NETs in climate change mitigation scenarios, their ethical implications, as well as the challenges involved in bringing the various NETs to the market and scaling them up in time.

Negative emissions—Part 2: Costs, potentials and side effects

2018
Scholarly Work
Sabine Fuss, William F Lamb, Max W Callaghan, Jérôme Hilaire, Felix Creutzig, Thorben Amann, Tim Beringer, Wagner de Oliveira Garcia, Jens Hartmann, Tarun Khanna, Gunnar Luderer, Gregory F Nemet, Joeri Rogelj, Pete Smith, José Luis Vicente Vicente, Jennifer Wilcox, Maria del Mar Zamora Dominguez, Jan C Minx
This paper, part 2 of a 3 part series on negative emissions, presents estimates of costs, potentials, and side-effects for negative emission technologies.

Negative emissions—Part 3: Innovation and upscaling

2018
Scholarly Work
Gregory F Nemet, Max W Callaghan, Felix Creutzig, Sabine Fuss, Jens Hartmann, Jérôme Hilaire, William F Lamb, Jan C Minx, Sophia Rogers, Pete Smith
This paper finds that if NETs are to be deployed at the levels required to meet 1.5 °C and 2 °C targets, then important post-R&D issues will need to be addressed, including incentives for early deployment, niche markets, scale-up, and demand.

Ocean Solutions to Address Climate Change and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems

2018
Scholarly Work
A.K. Magnan, R. Billé, L. Bopp, V.I. Chalastani, W.W.L. Cheung, C.M. Duarte, R.D. Gates, J. Hinkel, J.-O. Irisson, E. Mcleod, F. Micheli, J.J. Middelburg, A. Oschlies, H.-O. Pörtner, G.H. Rau, P. Williamson, J.-P. Gattuso
This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic assessment of 13 ocean-based climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, including ocean fertilization, alkalization, and hybrid land/ocean methods such as marine BECCS and biochar.

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