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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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Ocean Fertilization for Geoengineering: A Review of Effectiveness, Environmental Impacts and Emerging Governance

2012
Scholarly Work
Phillip Williamson, Douglas W.R. Wallace, Cliff S. Law, Philip W. Boyd, Yves Collos, Peter Croot, Ken Denman, Ulf Riebesell, Shigenobu Takeda, Chris Vivian
This article identifies the arrangements for the international governance of further field-based research on ocean fertilization that are being developed, primarily under the London Convention/London Protocol.

A Tale of Two Carbon Sinks: Can Forest Carbon Management Serve as a Framework to Implement Ocean Iron Fertilization as a Climate Change Treaty Compliance Mechanism?

2011
Scholarly Work
Randall S. Abate
This article addresses the international governance challenges to consistently and effectively regulate ocean iron fertilization using forest carbon management as a framework example.

Ocean Iron Fertilization in the Context of the Kyoto Protocol and the post-Kyoto Process

2009
Scholarly Work
Christine Bertram
This paper reviews the regulatory aspects connected to ocean iron fertilization, including its legal status and open access issues.

Policy Brief: Governing Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal

2019
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Governance Initiative (C2G)
This policy brief identifies the governance challenges around marine carbon dioxide removal.

Evidence Brief: Governing Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal and Solar Radiation Modification

2019
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Governance Initiative (C2G)
This briefing summarizes the latest evidence around Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) including applicable governance frameworks and other socio-political considerations.

Indigeneity in Geoengineering Discourses: Some Considerations

2019
Scholarly Work
Kyle Powys Whyte
This paper focuses on the role of indigenous peoples in the geoengineering discourse and frames the challenges with identifying indigenous consent to geoengineering activities.

High Level Review of a Wide Range of Proposed Marine Geoengineering Techniques

2019
Scientific Report
Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP)
This report examines a wide range of marine geoengineering techniques to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and provides a comprehensive review of the international frameworks that govern these techniques.

Role of the ocean in climate stabilization

2019
Scholarly Work
Celina Scott-Buechler, Charles Greene
This chapter reviews the ocean’s potential role in international climate stabilization, and how ocean iron fertilization, ocean alkalinization, and the storage of carbon in the deep ocean can be used to further support such actions.

Going Negative: The Next Horizon in Climate Engineering Law

2018
Scholarly Work
Tracy Hester, Michael B. Gerrard
This article frames the emerging legal challenges for climate engineering research and deployment.

Geoengineering: A Promising Weapon or an Unregulated Disaster in the Fight Against Climate Change?

2017
Scholarly Work
J. Brent Marshall
This note outlines the regulation of geoengineering, the current laws in place, the policy needs of geoengineering regulation, and how to bridge the gap between these concepts.

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