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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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The Regulation of Geoengineering: Fifth Report of Session 2009–10

2010
Scientific Report
House of Commons Science and Technology Committee
This report, written in collaboration with the U.S. House of Representatives Science and Technology Committee, examines the need for the regulation of geoengineering activities and provides an outlines of future regulatory arrangements.

A Coordinated Strategy Could Focus Federal Geoengineering Research and Inform Governance Efforts

2010
Scientific Report
United States Government Accountability Office
This report examines the state of geoengineering science, federal involvement in geoengineering, the extent to which federal laws and international agreements apply to geoengineering, and any governance challenges around geoengineering activities.

Ocean Iron Fertilization: Why Further Research is Needed

2009
Scholarly Work
Kerstin Güssow, Andreas Oschlies, Alexander Proelss, Katrin Rehdanz, Wilfried Rickels
This article examines the economic potential of ocean iron fertilization in the context of a post-Kyoto Protocol climate agreement and what public international law says, and should say, on the issue of ocean iron fertilization.

Ocean Iron Fertilization in the Context of the Kyoto Protocol and the post-Kyoto Process

2009
Scholarly Work
Christine Bertram
This paper reviews the regulatory aspects connected to ocean iron fertilization, including its legal status and open access issues.

Iron Fertilization: A Scientific Review with International Policy Recommendations

2009
Scholarly Work
Jennie Dean
This paper examines the effectiveness and appropriateness of iron fertilization in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

Legal Posture of Ocean Iron Fertilization Under International Law

2009
Scholarly Work
K. Russell LaMotte
This is an article from the International Environmental Law Committee newsletter that provides an overview of the legal posture of ocean iron fertilization (OIF) activities under international environmental law.

Geoengineering, the Law of the Sea, and Climate Change

2009
Scholarly Work
Philomene Verlaan
This paper summarizes proposals for climate related geoengineering projects that involve or affect the ocean and reviews the applicable legally binding global instruments that seek to regulate these activities.

American Meteorological Society Policy Statement on Geoengineering the Climate System

2009
Declaration
American Meteorological Society Council
A policy statement of the American Meteorological Society addressing geoengineering techniques, including those that reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases.

Scientific Synthesis of the Impacts of Ocean Fertilization on Marine Biodiversity

2009
Scientific Report
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
This report presents a review and synthesis of existing literature and other scientific information on the potential impacts of ocean fertilization on marine biodiversity, pursuant to CBD COP 9 decision IX/20, paragraph 3.

Geoengineering the Climate: Science, Governance and Uncertainty

2009
Scientific Report
The Royal Society
This report presents an independent scientific review of the range of geoengineering methods and introduces and addresses the key policy questions surrounding geoengineering that the international community needs to confront.

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