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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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Incentivize Negative Emissions Responsibly

2018
Scholarly Work
Rob Bellamy
This article explores why nation states need to incentivize negative emissions technologies if they are to take the decarbonization of whole energy systems seriously.

Governing Experimental Responses: Negative Emissions Technologies and Solar Climate Engineering

2018
Scholarly Work
Jesse Reynolds
This chapter places the governance of climate engineering in a polycentric governance conceptual framework.

Negative Emission Technologies: What Role in Meeting Paris Agreement Targets?

2018
Think Tank Report
European Academies Science Advisory Council
This report brings together experts from the European Academies Science Advisory Council to review the available technologies for carbon dioxide removal and how they frame the EU's position within the Paris Agreement.

Carbon Removal and Solar Geoengineering: Potential implications for delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals

2018
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Initiative (C2G2)
This report explores the potential implications which two groups of experimental technologies aimed at managing global climate risk, known as Carbon Removal and Solar Geoengineering, could have for delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Greenhouse Gas Removal

2018
Scientific Report
Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering
This report presents the findings from an exploration of the opportunities and barriers for greenhouse gas removal methods in both a UK and global context.

Report of the International Law Commission A/73/10

2018
International Legal Instrument
International Law Commission
Text of the draft guidelines on the protection of the atmosphere and intentional large-scale modification of the atmosphere that states carbon dioxide removal activities shall be conducted with prudence and caution.

Mind the Gap: Marine Geoengineering and the Law of the Sea

2018
Scholarly Work
Karen N. Scott
This chapter, from the book High Seas Governance, examines the legal framework for marine geoengineering, analyzing the extent to which the modern law of the sea has responded to the gaps and challenges in the current regulatory framework.

Evaluating climate geoengineering proposals in the context of the Paris Agreement temperature goals

2018
Scholarly Work
Mark G. Lawrence, Stefan Schäfer, Helene Muri, Vivian Scott, Andreas Oschlies, Naomi E. Vaughan, Olivier Boucher, Hauke Schmidt, Jim Haywood, Jürgen Scheffran
This paper assesses the degree to which proposed climate geoengineering techniques could contribute significantly to achieving the Paris Agreement temperature goals and the main open socio-political and governance issues and research needs.

Knowledge gaps on climate-related geoengineering in relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

2018
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Initiative (C2G2)
This technical briefing presents an assessment of knowledge gaps around ethics, governance, deployment and research related to geoengineering, including carbon removal technologies, and the Convention on Biological Diversity.

A New Security Framework for Geoengineering

2018
Scholarly Work
Elizabeth L. Chalecki, Lisa L. Ferrari
This paper argues that modifying just war theory into “just geoengineering theory” will provide ethical standards for security decision makers as they consider whether or how geoengineering should be used.

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