Summary/Abstract
This article explores the 2013 amendments to the London Convention and London Protocol that regulate ocean fertilization and additional emerging marine geo-engineering activities. After setting the scene (factual background, history of the amendment), the new amendments to the London Protocol are explained in detail, followed by an analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. The consequences of the amendments for the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the relationship to previous decisions taken by the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity are discussed. Lastly, yet to be resolved issues are outlined and conclusions stated. The opinions in the article are based on the experiences of both authors who were involved in the development and negotiation of the amendments as members of the Australian and German delegations.