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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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Governance and Equity in the Development and Deployment of Negative Emissions Technologies

2012
Scholarly Work
Duncan McLaren
This paper presents a summary of results of the global assessment of the negative emission technologies (NETs) undertaken by the author for Friends of the Earth in the UK, with a focus on identified environmental justice and governance issues.

Considerations of Justice in Assessment and Appraisal of Negative Emissions Technologies

2012
Scholarly Work
Duncan P. Mclaren
This paper identifies several justice implications arising from the potential moral hazard in the development of NETs, the distribution of geological storage for carbon dioxide, and the competition for biological productivity for negative emissions.

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO

2012
Declaration
Statement of concern by the the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission regarding ocean fertilization on October 19th, 2012.

Technical and Regulatory Matters on Geoengineering in Relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity

2012
Scientific Report
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
This study, prepared by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and presented to the CBD's Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, addresses the legal and regulatory framework of geoengineering relevant to the CBD.

Impacts of Climate-Related Geoengineering on Biological Diversity

2012
Scientific Report
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
This study compiles and synthesizes available scientific information on the possible impacts of a range of geoengineering techniques on biodiversity, including preliminary information on associated social, economic and cultural considerations.

Regulatory Framework for Climate-Related Geoengineering Relevant to the Convention on Biological Diversity

2012
Scientific Report
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
This study describes the current regulatory and legal framework that may apply to climate-related geoengineering, and identifies the gaps in science based global, transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanisms.

The Contracting Parties to the London Convention and London Protocol Statement of Concern

2012
International Legal Instrument
Contracting Parties to the London Convention and London Protocol
This is a statement of concern from the Contracting Parties to the London Convention/Protocol regarding the Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation iron fertilization project in ocean waters west of Canada.

A/RES/66/288 – Resolution from the Future We Want Rio+20 Conference

2012
International Legal Instrument
United Nations General Assembly
Resolution adopted at the Future We Want Rio+20 Conference that stresses concern about the potential environmental impacts of ocean fertilization and urges a precautionary approach to ocean fertilization activities.

Legal? Perhaps. But Controversial Fertilization Experiment May Produce Little Science

2012
News/Commentary
Robert F. Service
News article looking at the legality of the Haida Salmon Restoration Corp's ocean iron fertilization experiment.

A comparative global assessment of potential negative emissions technologies

2012
Scholarly Work
Duncan McLaren
This paper provides a global assessment of around 30 prospective NETs, drawing conclusions on how NETs will contribute to safe carbon budgets, the governance challenges of NETs, and the potential role of carbon markets.

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