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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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Sowing Seeds Uncertain: Ocean Iron Fertilization, Climate Change, and the International Environmental Law Framework

2010
Scholarly Work
Randall Abate, Andrew Greenlee
This article proposes a legal framework to harmonize the overlapping and conflicting international regulatory regime on ocean iron fertilization.

Geoengineering and International Law: The Search for Common Legal Ground

2010
Scholarly Work
Ralph Bodle
The focus of this article is on overarching rules of international law that are common legal ground and might apply to all concepts under the heading "geoengineering," while exploring to what extent the ENMOD Convention could be useful as a reference

Geoengineering and Climate Management: From Marginality to Inevitability

2010
Scholarly Work
Jay Michaelson
This essay argues in support of research into geoengineering, including ocean iron fertilization, because it is a potentially fast and cheap solution to climate change and should be carefully researched before it needs to be deployed.

Ocean Fertilization: The Potential of Ocean Fertilization for Climate Change Mitigation (Report to U.S. Congress)

2010
Scientific Report
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
This report assesses the climate mitigation potential of ocean fertilization as requested by Public Law 111-117.

UN Convention on Biological Diversity Decision X/29

2010
International Legal Instrument
Convention on Biological Diversity
Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its tenth meeting on the impacts of ocean fertilization.

UN Convention on Biological Diversity Decision X/33

2010
International Legal Instrument
Convention on Biological Diversity
Decision adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its tenth meeting on ocean fertilization and biodiversity and climate change.

Resolution LC-LP.2 (2010) on the Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization

2010
International Legal Instrument
Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the London Protocol
A resolution from the thirty-second consultative meeting of the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the fifth meeting of the Contracting Parties to the London Protocol on regulatory mechanisms for ocean fertilization.

London Convention and London Protocol Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization

2010
International Legal Instrument
The Scientific Groups to the London Convention and London Protocol
This Assessment Framework is designed to help regulators assess whether proposals for ocean fertilization constitute legitimate scientific research that is not contrary to the aims of the London Convention or Protocol.

A/65/L.20 – Draft Resolution Oceans and the Law of the Sea

2010
International Legal Instrument
United Nations General Assembly
Draft resolution on ocean fertilization.

A/RES/65/37 Resolution on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

2010
International Legal Instrument
United Nations General Assembly
Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2010 with reference to the regulation of ocean fertilization activities.

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