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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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The Regulation of Geoengineering: Fifth Report of Session 2009–10

2010
Scientific Report
House of Commons Science and Technology Committee
This report, written in collaboration with the U.S. House of Representatives Science and Technology Committee, examines the need for the regulation of geoengineering activities and provides an outlines of future regulatory arrangements.

Report of the International Law Commission A/73/10

2018
International Legal Instrument
International Law Commission
Text of the draft guidelines on the protection of the atmosphere and intentional large-scale modification of the atmosphere that states carbon dioxide removal activities shall be conducted with prudence and caution.

Incentivize Negative Emissions Responsibly

2018
Scholarly Work
Rob Bellamy
This article explores why nation states need to incentivize negative emissions technologies if they are to take the decarbonization of whole energy systems seriously.

Knowledge gaps on climate-related geoengineering in relation to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

2018
Think Tank Report
Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Initiative (C2G2)
This technical briefing presents an assessment of knowledge gaps around ethics, governance, deployment and research related to geoengineering, including carbon removal technologies, and the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Research priorities for negative emissions

2016
Scholarly Work
S Fuss, C D Jones, F Kraxner, G P Peters, P Smith, M Tavoni, D P van Vuuren, J G Canadell, R B Jackson, R B Jackson, J R Moreira, N Nakicenovic, A Sharifi, Y Yamagata
This paper identifies some urgent research needs around NETs, including in governance and policy, to provide a more complete picture for reaching ambitious climate targets and the role that NETs can play in reaching them.

Regulatory Framework for Climate-Related Geoengineering Relevant to the Convention on Biological Diversity

2012
Scientific Report
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
This study describes the current regulatory and legal framework that may apply to climate-related geoengineering, and identifies the gaps in science based global, transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanisms.

Lessons from Renewable Energy Diffusion for Carbon Dioxide Removal Development

2020
Scholarly Work
Anthony E. Chavez
This paper focuses on price regulations, typically in the form of price subsidies (FITs) or tenders (competitive auctions), in developing carbon dioxide removal technologies.

Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review

2020
Scholarly Work
Samer Fawzy, Ahmed I. Osman, John Doran, David W. Rooney
This article reviews the main strategies for climate change abatement, including a comprehensive section on negative emission technologies; the current state of development, perceived limitations and risks as well as social and policy implications.

Unconventional Mitigation: Carbon Dioxide Removal as a New Approach in EU Climate Policy

2020
Scholarly Work
Oliver Geden, Felix Schenuit
This study investigates the question of how the currently still unconventional carbon removal approach can be integrated into EU climate policy.

Carbon‐dioxide Removal and Biodiversity: A Threat Identification Framework

2020
Scholarly Work
Kate Dooley, Ellycia Harrould‐Kolieb, Anita Talberg
This paper introduces a new approach to governing CDR research – one based on threat identification.

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