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Carbon Dioxide Removal


Ocean Iron Fertilization

Ocean Iron Fertilization is the process of adding iron filings to seawater to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton that absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Ocean fertilization seeks to take advantage of the ocean's natural carbon pump, which uses carbon dioxide at the sea surface and incorporates the carbon, via photosynthesis, into biological tissues which can fall or be transported to the deep ocean. Certain areas of the ocean, including the Southern Ocean, have plentiful nutrients but lack iron, a key trace micronutrient that sea plants known as phytoplankton need to grow. So fertilization with iron has been proposed as a means of accelerating the carbon pump and increasing the size of the ocean carbon sink.
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Consensus, Certainty, and Catastrophe: Discourse, Governance, and Ocean Iron Fertilization

2017
Scholarly Work
Kemi Fuentes-George
This article explains how a subjective understanding of certainty influenced global ocean governance as related to ocean iron fertilization.

H. 6011 Substitute A – House Resolution on Geoengineering Study

2017
Proposed Legislation
State of Rhode Island
This bill creates a 5 Member Commission to study and provide recommendations to the state on the regulation and licensure of geoengineering, which includes ocean iron fertilization.

Ocean Iron Fertilization and Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Food: Leveraging International and Domestic Law Protections to Enhance Access to Salmon in the Pacific Northwest

2016
Scholarly Work
Randall S. Abate
This article addresses whether indigenous communities like the Haida in the U.S. Pacific Northwest region could assert a legal right to employ OIF as a strategy to help restore a cultural food source that has been depleted due to climate change.

Barometer Rising: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety as a Model for Holistic International Regulation of Ocean Fertilization Projects and Other Forms of Geoengineering

2016
Scholarly Work
Matthew Hubbard
This note argues that there is a strong comparison between biotechnology and geoengineering, and that the current regulatory framework for biosafety can serve as a model for similar regulation of ocean fertilization.

It’s Getting Hot in Here: A Look into Whether Ocean Iron Fertilization is Legally Viable in the United States

2015
Scholarly Work
James Richards
This article analyzes the legal status of ocean iron fertilization under United States laws and international laws, in the context of the Planktos experiment, in order to shed light on whether this strategy could be legally viable.

Deployment of Geoengineering by the Private and Public Sector: Can the Risks of Geoengineering Ever Be Effectively Regulated?

2015
Scholarly Work
Daniela E. Lai
This article focuses on ocean fertilization and its transboundary impacts.

Assessing Scientific Legitimacy: The Case of Marine Geoengineering

2015
Think Tank Report
Lucas Dotto, Bryan Pelkey
This brief recommends that parties to the LC-LP adopt legally binding governance transparency mechanisms and create independent assessment panels to remedy gaps in marine geoengineering governance.

A Green Herring: How Current Ocean Fertilization Regulation Distracts from Geoengineering Research

2014
Scholarly Work
Michael C. Branson
This article proposes that nations tackle the dangers posed by ocean fertilization experiments together with other geoengineering activities, in the context of combatting climate change.

Climate Engineering Field Research: The Favorable Setting of International Environmental Law

2014
Scholarly Work
Jesse Reynolds
This article examines how existing international environmental law may regulate and influence field testing of climate engineering, specifically the riskier methods that include ocean iron fertilization.

Engineering a Solution to Climate Change: Suggestions for an International Treaty Regime Governing Geoengineering

2014
Scholarly Work
Vishal Garg
This Note examines the international law that could govern geoengineering programs, with a focus on ocean iron fertilization and how international law must require that geoengineering be done on a multilateral scale.

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